Türk Erken Çocukluk Öğretmenlerinin Medya Okuryazarlığı Aracılığıyla Sürdürülebilirlik için Eğitim ile İlgili Mesleki Gelişimlerinin Desteklenmesi

This article aims to document the findings of a professional development intervention study seeking to promote in-service preschool teachers’ professional growth about education for sustainability (EfS) through media literacy (ML). The overall aim of this year-long action research project (based on the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate or ADDIE approach) was to foster teachers' knowledge and awareness regarding EfS via a professional development program incorporating media literacy education. Four preschool teachers participated in the professional development program. Participants’ in-class EfS implementations before and after the professional development program were examined utilizing interview, stimulated recall interviews, field notes and content analysis of teacher daily and monthly plans. The principal outcome of the study was that the proposed professional development program does, indeed, lead to the growth of the early childhood teachers' EfS knowledge and awareness. In the short term, examination of participants’ pre/post intervention teaching activities indicated that fostering teachers’ ML skills helped when designing EfS activities since they were able to access, analyze & evaluate and create EfS related media resources more effectively. Longer-term, the teachers involved in the study incorporated an increased number of EfS related activities in-class, as evidenced by their post-intervention daily and monthly plans.Bu makale okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sürdürülebilirlik için eğitim (SİE) konusundaki mesleki gelişimlerini medya okuryazarlığı (MO) aracılığıyla desteklemek için gerçekleştirilen bir mesleki gelişim müdahale çalışmasının bulgularını sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir akademik yıl boyunca devam eden bu eylem araştırması projesinin (Analiz et, Tasarla, Geliştir, Uygula ve Değerlendir başlıklarını içeren ADGUD Yaklaşımı temelinde) en genel amacı öğretmenlerin SİE hakkındaki bilgilerini ve farkındalıklarını, SİE ve MO’yu bir araya getiren bir mesleki gelişim programı yardımıyla geliştirmektir. Bu mesleki gelişim programına toplamda 4 okul öncesi öğretmeni katılmıştır. Katılımcıların bu mesleki gelişim programı öncesindeki ve sonrasındaki sınıf-içi SİE uygulamaları görüşmeler, hatırlatma seansları içeren görüşmeler, alan notları ve öğretmenin günlük ve aylık planlarının belge analizleri teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen ana bulgu, önerilen mesleki gelişim programının gerçekten de erken çocukluk öğretmenlerinin SİE bilgisi ve farkındalıklarının artmasını mümkün kıldığıdır. Katılımcıların müdahale öncesi/sonrası incelenen etkinlikleri gösteriyor ki, kısa vadede, SİE bağlantılı medya kaynaklarına daha etkili bir şekilde erişmek, bu kaynakları daha iyi analiz edip, değerlendirmek ve bu kaynakları daha etkili bir biçimde yeniden tasarlamak için öğretmenlerin MO becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, bu öğretmenlerin SİE aktiviteleri tasarlama aşamasındaki etkinliklerini artırmaktadır. Uzun vadede ise, bu çalışmaya dâhil olan öğretmenlerin günlük ve aylık planlarında SİE bağlantılı aktivitelere daha fazla yer verdikleri görülmektedir

Four payment models for the multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows

In this paper, the multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows is considered. The objective is the maximization of the net present value of all cash flows. Time value of money is taken into consideration, and cash in- and outflows are associated with activities and/or events. The resources can be of renewable, nonrenewable, and doubly constrained resource types. Four payment models are considered: Lump sum payment at the terminal event, payments at prespecified event nodes, payments at prespecified time points and progress payments. For finding solutions to problems proposed, a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is employed, which uses a special crossover operator that can exploit the multi-component nature of the problem. The models are investigated at the hand of an example problem. Sensitivity analyses are performed over the mark up and the discount rate. A set of 93 problems from literature are solved under the four different payment models and resource type combinations with the GA approach employed resulting in satisfactory computation times. The GA approach is compared with a domain specific heuristic for the lump sum payment case with renewable resources and is shown to outperform it

The relationship of percieved organizational support with organizational cynism and its effects on turnover intent a research on 4 and 5 star hotels

Perceived organizational support is defined as the behavior of the organization towards its employees and the interpretation of organizational motives underlying this behavior in return for the organization. Organizational cynicism is described as 'the negative attitudes of employees towards the organization'. Turnover intention is expressed as a thought of voluntary staff turnover from the organization. Highly perceived organizational support provides reduction . of absenteeism, late comings and acting in non-associated efforts with the work. From this point, it is aimed to investigate the effects of the organizational support on formation of organizational cynism and turnover intent. In this context, in the current study, organizational support perception of Hotel employees, and its effects on organizational cynism and turnover intent have been measure

Psychological contract breaches and organizational cynicism at hotels

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impacts of psychological contract breaches experienced at hotels on the formation of organizational cynicism. Within this framework, the study is towards employees working at different departments and levels. 222 employees have participated in the research, and the data are analyzed with a MannWhitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman correlations test. In the study, employees have a perception of psychological contract breach and have developed some cynical attitudes towards the hotel. Also it is found that the cognitive dimension of cynicism has an almost strong relationship with the perception of a psychological contract breach. It was determined that the affective dimension of cynicism had a weak relationship with the behavioral dimension and again an almost strong relationship with the perception of a psychological contract breach. Finally, a weak relationship is seen between the behavioral dimension of cynicism and the perception of a psychological contract breach. The present study states the relationship between the former concepts at hotels and provides a starting point for further research in organizational behavior not only at hotels but also at other service sectors. An important point emphasizing the need for the study is that the study is the first study to put forward the relationship between the concepts of psychological contract breach and cynicism within the national scope

Yet more on a stochastic economic model: Part 5: a vector autoregressive (VAR) Model for retail prices and wages

AbstractIn this paper we develop a vector autoregressive model for retail prices and wages within the Wilkie model. The results turn out to be a slight improvement over the original model, but the simulated results are not very different.</jats:p

PARSIMONIOUS PARAMETERIZATION OF AGE-PERIOD-COHORT MODELS BY BAYESIAN SHRINKAGE

Age-period-cohort models used in life and general insurance can be overparameterized, and actuaries have used several methods to avoid this, such as cubic splines. Regularization is a statistical approach for avoiding overparameterization, and it can reduce estimation and predictive variances compared to MLE. In Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation, regularization is accomplished by the use of mean-zero priors, and the degree of parsimony can be optimized by numerically efficient out-of-sample cross-validation. This provides a consistent framework for comparing a variety of regularized MCMC models, such as those built with cubic splines, linear splines (as ours is), and the limiting case of non-regularized estimation. We apply this to the multiple-trend model of Hunt and Blake (2014)

Semiparametric Regression for Dual Population Mortality

Parameter shrinkage applied optimally can always reduce error and projection variances from those of maximum likelihood estimation. Many variables that actuaries use are on numerical scales, like age or year, which require parameters at each point. Rather than shrinking these towards zero, nearby parameters are better shrunk towards each other. Semiparametric regression is a statistical discipline for building curves across parameter classes using shrinkage methodology. It is similar to but more parsimonious than cubic splines. We introduce it in the context of Bayesian shrinkage and apply it to joint mortality modeling for related populations, with Swedish and Danish mortality as an illustration. Bayesian shrinkage of slope changes of linear splines is an approach to semiparametric modeling that evolved in the actuarial literature. It has some theoretical and practical advantages, like closed-form curves, direct and transparent determination of degree of shrinkage and of placing knots for the splines, and quantifying goodness of fit. It is also relatively easy to apply to the many nonlinear models that arise in actuarial work

PARSIMONIOUS PARAMETERIZATION OF AGE-PERIOD-COHORT MODELS BY BAYESIAN SHRINKAGE

Age-period-cohort models used in life and general insurance can be overparameterized, and actuaries have used several methods to avoid this, such as cubic splines. Regularization is a statistical approach for avoiding overparameterization, and it can reduce estimation and predictive variances compared to MLE. In Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation, regularization is accomplished by the use of mean-zero priors, and the degree of parsimony can be optimized by numerically efficient out-of-sample cross-validation. This provides a consistent framework for comparing a variety of regularized MCMC models, such as those built with cubic splines, linear splines (as ours is), and the limiting case of non-regularized estimation. We apply this to the multiple-trend model of Hunt and Blake (2014)